Long Hard Path to the Moon

Lunar photo by Humanoido at Singularity Observatory

Long Hard Path to the Moon
It was a long and difficult path to Moon from the 1950s through the 1970s with many spacecraft failures and successes, including the story of the American Ranger series.

The Ranger series from one through six all failed their primary mission objectives. Some even failed to hit the Moon and others had camera and equipment failures. Finally with Rangers 7, 8 and 9, great success was achieved with the return of 17,259 photos. The ranger series was designed to start taking photos and then crash into the Moon.

Missions to the Moon
Luna - USSR 25 June 1958
Launch failure (SL-3 Luna)

Thor-Able 1 (Pioneer) - USA 17 August 1958
Launch failure (Thor-Able)

Luna - USSR 23 September 1958
Launch failure (SL-3 Luna)

Pioneer 1 - USA 11 October 1958
Set distance record, failed to reach Moon, reentered 12 Oct 1958 (Thor-Able)

Luna - USSR 12 October 1958
Launch failure (SL-3 Luna)

Pioneer 2 - USA 08 November 1958
3rd stage ignition failure (Thor-Able)

Luna - USSR 04 December 1958
Launch failure (SL-3 Luna)

Pioneer 3 - USA 06 December 1958
Provided radiation data, failed to reach Moon, reentered 07Dec1958 (Thor-Able)

Luna 1 - USSR 02 January 1959
Passed within 5998 km of Moon, in 0.977 × 1.314 × 0.01 ° (450-day) solar orbit

Pioneer 4 - USA 03 March 1959
Passed within 60030 km of Moon, in 0.987 × 1.142 × 1.30 ° solar orbit

Luna - USSR 18 June 1959
Launch failure (SL-3 Luna)

Luna 2 - USSR 12 September 1959
First manmade object to impact moon on 15 Sep 1959 at 29.10 N x 0.00 E near Palus Putredinus

Luna 3 - USSR 04 October 1959
First probe to photograph lunar Farside, for 40 mins, reentered 29 Apr 1960

Pioneer (Atlas-Able 4B) - USA 26 November 1959
Shroud failure (Atlas-Able)

Luna 4 - USSR 12 April 1960
Launch failure (SL-3 Luna)

Pioneer (Atlas-Able 5A) - USA 25 September 1960
2nd stage failure (Atlas-Able). Pieces recovered in S.Africa

Pioneer (Atlas-Able 5B) - USA 15 December 1960
Exploded 70 sec. after liftoff (Atlas-Able)

Ranger 1 - USA 23 August 1961
Failed to reach deep space orbit, died 30 Aug 1961 (Atlas-Agena B)

Ranger 2 - USA 18 November 1961
Failed to reach deep space orbit, reentered 20Nov1961 (Atlas-Agena B)

Ranger 3 - USA 26 January 1962
Missed Moon by 36793 km, in solar orbit (Atlas-Agena B)

Ranger 4 - USA 23 April 1962
Impacted Moon on 26 Apr 1962, timer failure, experiments inoperative

Ranger 5 - USA 18 October 1962
Missed Moon by 724 km, in 0.95 × 1.05 AU solar orbit

Sputnik 25 - USSR 04 January 1963
TLI stage failure? (SL-6 Molniya), reentered 05 Jan 1963

Luna - USSR 03 February 1963
Launch failure (SL-6 Molniya)

Luna - USSR 03 March 1963
Launch failure (SL-6 Molniya)

Luna 4 - USSR 02 April 1963
Probe missed Luna by 8499 km, in barycentric orbit

name? - USSR 10 July 1963
Launch failure (SL-3 Luna)

Ranger 6 - USA 30 January 1964
Impacted Moon on 02 February 1964, TV camera failure

Luna - USSR 21 March 1964
Launch failure (SL-6 Molniya)

Luna (Lunik 1?) - USSR 20 April 1964
Launch failure (SL-6 Molniya)

Luna (Lunik 2?) - USSR 04 June 1964
Launch failure (SL-6 Molniya)

Ranger 7 - USA 28 July 1964
First Ranger success. Returned 4308 photos. Impacted Moon on 31 Jul 1964

Ranger 8 - USA 17 February 1965
Returned 7137 closeup photos. Impacted Moon on 20 Feb 1965 in Mare Tranquillitatis

Kosmos 60 (Lunik 3) - USSR 12 March 1965
Upper TLI stage failure (SL-6 Molniya), reentered

Ranger 9 - USA 21 March 1965
Returned 5814 photos. Impacted Moon on 24 Mar 1965 at approx 14 S × 3 W inside crater Alphonsus

Luna (Lunik 4) - USSR 10 April 1965
Launch failure (SL-6 Molniya)

Lunik 5 - USSR 09 May 1965
Soft landing attempt failed, impacted on 12 May 1965 in Mare Nubium

Lunik 6 - USSR 08 June 1965
Soft landing attempt failed, missed Moon by 160,935 km, in solar orbit

Zond 3 - USSR 18 July 1965
Retransmitted photos taken during lunar flyby, testbed for later Martian probes, in barycentric orbit

Surveyor Model 1 - USA 11 August 1965
Model launched to simulated Moon

Luna 7 - USSR 04 October 1965
Soft landing attempt failed when retros fired early, crashed on 07 Oct 1965 in Oceanus Procellarum

Luna 8 - USSR 03 December 1965
Soft landing attempt failed when retros fired late, crashed on 06 Dec 1965 in Oceanus Procellarum

Luna 9 - USSR 31 January 1966
First soft landing success on 03 Feb 1966 at 7.08 N × 54.37 W, west of Crater Reiner in Oceanus Procellarum, 100 kg descent capsule returned surface pix for 3 days

Kosmos 111 - USSR 1 March 1966
Upper TLI stage failure (SL-6 Molniya), reentered 03 Mar 1966

Luna 10 - USSR 31 March 1966
Orbiter successfully returned data until 30 May 1966, in lunar orbit

Surveyor 1 - USA 30 May 1966
Soft landing success on 02Jun1966 at xx N x yyy W in Oceanus Procellarum, tx'd 11,150 pix until 13 Jul 1966

Explorer 33 - USA 1 July 1966
Overshot lunar orbit (Thor-Agena-Delta), in high earth orbit

Lunar Orbiter 1 - USA 10 August 1966
Transmitted pix until 29 Aug 1966; impacted on 29 Oct 1966

Luna 11 - USSR 24 August 1966
Orbiter successfully returned sci data until 01 Oct 1966, in lunar orbit?

Surveyor 2 - USA 20 September 1966
Vernier failed; crashed on 23 Sep 1966

Luna 12 - USSR 22 October 1966
Orbiter successfully returned photos & data, in lunar orbit

Lunar Orbiter 2 - USA 06 November 1966
Transmitted 205 frames; impacted on 11 Oct 1967

Luna 13 (Lunik 13?) - USSR 21 December 1966
Soft landing on 24 Dec 1966 at 18.87 N x 62.05 W, tx'd photos & soil data

Lunar Orbiter 3 - USA 05 February 1967
Transmitted 182 frames; impacted on 09 Oct 1967

Kosmos 146 - USSR 10 March 1967
Zond/L-1P manned precursor. Successful test in LEO. Reentered 18 Mar 1967

Kosmos 154 - USSR 08 April 1967
Zond/L-1P manned precursor. Separation failure in LEO. Reentered 10 Apr 1967

Surveyor 3 - USA 17 April 1967
Soft landing on 20 Apr 1967 near 2.94 S × 23.45 W in Oceanus Procellarum, site of Apollo 12 landing 2-1/2 years later. Tx'd photos & soil experiments until 03 May 1967

Lunar Orbiter 4 - USA 04 May 1967
Transmitted 163 frames; impacted on 06 Oct 1967

Surveyor 4 - USA 14 July 1967
Lost contact 150 sec. before crashing on 17 Jul 1967

Lunar Orbiter 5 - USA 01 August 1967
Transmitted frames; impacted on 31 Jan 1968; end of mapping pgm

Surveyor 5 - USA 08 September 1967
Soft landing on 11 Sep 1967, tx'd 19,000 photos & soil analysis

name? Zond (-3?) - USSR 27 September 1967
(date may be wrong, not corroborated in Proton Manual. Launch failure (SL-12 Proton). Was this a lunar attempt? "Zond-2" designator already earmarked for Mars '64, "Zond-3" for Luna in '65

Surveyor 6 - USA 07 November 1967
Soft landing on 10 Nov 1967, first rocket takeoff from Moon

Apollo 4 - USA 09 November 1967
First flight of Apollo+Saturn V booster, reentered 09 Nov 1967

Zond (4A or L1#5L) - USSR 22 November 1967
Flyby attempt. 2nd stage failure (SL-12 Proton)

Surveyor 7 - USA 07 January 1968
Soft landing on 10 Jan 1968, Surveyor pgm ends

Apollo 5 - USA 22 January 1968
First all-up test with uprated Saturn 1, unmanned, ascent & descent stage tests, lunar module flight test, AS reentered 24 Jan 1968, DS reentered 12 Feb 1968

Luna 14-1 - USSR 07 February 1968
Launch failure (SL-6 Molniya).

Zond 4 (L1 #6L?) - USSR 02 March 1968
Manned precursor (SL-12 Proton), in translunar orbit

Apollo 6 - USA 04 April 1968
Unmanned command module test with Saturn V, despite 1st stage pogo & loss of 2 engines on same side, 2nd stage malf, 3rd stage restart failure, CM reentered 04 Apr 1968

Luna 14 - USSR 07 April 1968
Earth-moon mass & gravity study, in lunar orbit

Zond (Heavy Soyuz/Zond or L1 #7L) - USSR 22 April 1968
Manned lunar precursor?, 2nd stage failure (SL-12 Proton)

Zond 5 - USSR 14 September 1968
First lunar flyaround, reentered 21 Sep 1968, recovered in Indian Ocean

Apollo 7 - USA 11 October 1968
First manned Apollo flight (Schirra, Cunningham, Eisele) on Saturn 1B with CM & SM, 163 earth orbits, reentered 22 Oct 1968, recovered in Pacific Ocean

Zond 6 - USSR 10 November 1968
Second unmanned circumlunar lunar flight, capsule depressurized during return, double dip reentry with aero lifting, chute failed, crash landed in USSR 17 Nov 1968

Apollo 8 - USA 21 December 1968
First manned circumlunar flight (Borman, Lovell, Anders), on Saturn V, no LM, 10 lunar orbits, reentered 27 Dec 1968, recovered in Pacific Ocean

ASR Luna 15A - USSR 20 January 1969
Automated sample return, 2nd stage failure (SL-12 Proton)

N-1 #3L - USSR 21 February 1969
1st stage failure of superbooster (SL-15 N-1) at T+69 sec. See Ed Cameron's N-1 page

Apollo 9 - USA 03 March 1969
First flight of LM (+CM & SM) on Saturn V, redocking (McDivitt, Scott, Schweickart), reentered 13 Mar 1969, recovered in Pacific Ocean

Apollo 10 - USA 18 May 1969
Second manned circumlunar flight (Stafford, Young, Cernan) on Saturn V, approached 15 km, reentered 26 May 1969, recovered in Pacific Ocean

ASR Luna 15B - USSR 04 June 1969
Automated sample return, 2nd stage failure (SL-12 Proton)

Luna (?) - USSR 14 June 1969
Launch failure from Tyuratam (SL-?)

N-1 #5L - USSR 03 July 1969
1st stage failure of superbooster (SL-15 N-1) at T+0.25 sec. destroying launch facility. Docking mission of Manned Heavy Soyuz on SL-13 (D-1 or Proton) for same day 03 Jul 1969 scrubbed

Luna 15C - USSR 13 July 1969
Attempted sample return? or manned precursor? crash landing on 21 Jul 1969 in Mare Crisium, after 52 orbits and 2 burns

Apollo 11 - USA 16 July 1969
First human landing on the Moon 2017 UT 20 Jul 1969 (Neil Armstrong & Edwin Aldrin in LM, Michael Collins in CM) at 0.71 N × 23.63 E in Mare Tranquillitatis, 2:56 hr EVA, 21.6 hr on surface, 30 orbits, reentered 24 Jul 1969 w/21.7 kg of lunar rocks, recovered in Pacific Ocean. EALSEP science station returned data until Sep 1969

Zond 7 - USSR 07 August 1969
3rd Soviet unmanned circumlunar lunar flight, reentered & landed in USSR 14 Aug 1969

Kosmos 300 (ASR Luna 16A) - USSR 23 September 1969
Automated sample return, 3rd/4th stage separation failure, stages & payload reentered 27 Sep 1969

Kosmos 305 (Luna 16B Rover) - USSR 22 October 1969
Lunar lander and rover, 4th escape stage fired wrong vector, stage & payload reentered 24 Oct 1969

Apollo 12 - USA 14 November 1969
Second human landing on the Moon on19 Nov 1969 (Pete Conrad & ALan Bean in LM, Richard Gordon in CM) at 2.94 S × 23.45 W in Oceanus Procellarum, very close to site of Surveyor 3. 2 EVAs, 31.6 hr on surface, reentered 24 Nov 1969, recovered in Pacific Ocean. Returned 34.4 kg of lunar samples. ALSEP12 science station returned data until 01 Oct 1977

Luna (LK?) - USSR 28 November 1969
Soviet L-1E lunar module first test flight. 2nd stage failure (SL-13 Proton)

ASR Luna 16C - USSR 06 February 1970
1st stage failure; range safety destruct (SL-12 Proton). Also test of L-1E module

Apollo 13 - USA 11 April 1970
Explosion of oxygen tank in SM aborted mission (James Lovell, Jack Swigert, Fred Haise), reentered after circumlunar flight 17 Apr 1970, recovered in Pacific Ocean

ASR Luna 16D - USSR 12 September 1970
Lander touched down on 20 Sep 1970 at 0.41 S × 56.3 E in Mare Fecunditatis, returned 105 gram soil sample. See a video of the Soviet ASR probe landing with retrorockets, scooping up a soil sample, and blasting off again on our Russians in Space v2.1

Zond 8 - USSR 20 October 1970
Flew by Moon, reentered 27 Oct 1970

Luna 17 - USSR 10 November 1970
Lunokhod-1 rover and lander set down on 17 Nov 1970 @ 38.28 N x 35 W in Mare Imbrium, traversed 80 km over 11 months, tx'd 200 pans, 20,000+ pix, soil analyses

Kosmos 379 - USSR 24 November 1970
Successful test of Soviet T2K lander minus legs in LEO on SL-13 Proton D-1 Reentered 21 Sep 1983

Kosmos 382 - USSR 02 December 1970
Prototype Soviet lunar orbiter LK flight test on SL-13 Proton D-1. Modified Zond and flight qual for Blok D stage. In 2464 km × 5189 km × 55.9 ° earth orbit

Apollo 14 - USA 31 January 1971
Third human landing on the Moon on 05 Feb 1971 (Alan Shepard & Edgar Mitchell in LM, Stuart Roosa in CM) at 3.67 S × 17.46 W at Fra Mauro, EVAs, played first round of lunar golf, reentered 09 Feb 1971, recovered in Pacific Ocean. Returned 42.9 kg of lunar samples. ALSEP14 science station returned data until 01 Oct 1977

Kosmos 398 - USSR 26 February 1971
Second unmanned test of Soviet lunar lander T2K on SL-13 Proton D-1 booster, reentered 10 Dec 1995

N-1 #6L - USSR 27 June (or July) 1971
1st stage launch failure of superbooster (SL-15 N-1) carrying mockups of LK & T2K at T+51 sec.

Apollo 15 - USA 26 July 1971
Fourth human landing on the Moon on 30 Jul 1971 (David Scott & James Irwin in LM, Alfred Worden in CM) at 26.11 N × 3.66 E at Hadley Rille near lunar Appenines. First manned lunar rover, roving EVAs + 1 EVA on return trajectory, traversed 11.2 km in ? hr on surface. Reentered 07 Aug 1971, recovered in Pacific Ocean. Returned 76.8 kg of lunar samples. ALSEP15 science station on surface returned data until 01 Oct 1977. P&F subsatellite launched from CM on 04Aug1971, data return until Jul 1972, in lunar orbit. For more details, see The Apollo 15 Flight Journal. The AFJ is a companion to the ALSJ and records the flight of Apollo 15 using air/ground transcripts, commentary and photographs.

Kosmos 434 - USSR 12 August 1971
Test of manned lunar hdwe T2K on SL-4 Soyuz booster, reentered 12Aug1981

Luna 18 - USSR 02 September 1971

Objective? impacted after 54 orbits on 11Sep1971 at 3.57 N x 50.5 E in Mare Fecunditatis

Luna 19 - USSR 28 September 1971
Orbiter returned lunar photos, in lunar orbit

Luna 20 - USSR 14 February 1972
Lander & automated sample return set down @ 3 ° 32 min N × 56 ° 33 min E near Apollonius in Mare Fecunditatis. Capsule & 55 gram (or 30 g) soil sample recovered 25 Feb 1972

Apollo 16 - USA 16 April 1972
Fifth human landing on the Moon on 23 Apr 1972 (John Young & Charles Duke in LM, T.K. Mattingly in CM) at 9.00 S × 16.00 E at Descartes crater, roving EVAs on surface + 1 EVA on return trajectory, 71 hr on surface, reentered 27 Apr 1972, recovered in Pacific Ocean. Returned 94.7 kg samples. ALSEP16 science station returned data until 01 Oct 1977. P&F subsatellite launched from CM on 24 Apr 1972, impacted 29 May 1972

N-1 #7L - USSR 23 November 1972
Erroneous range safety destruct of superbooster (SL-15 N-1) at T+107 sec during 1st stage fire, 2nd stage probably was OK. End of N-1 program

Apollo 17 - USA 07 December 1972
Sixth and last human landing on the Moon on 15 Dec 1972 (Gene Cernan & Harrison Schmitt in LM, Ronald Evans in CM) at 20.17 N × 30.75 E at Taurus Littrow, roving EVAs on surface for 30.5 km (longest = 7:37 hr) + 1 EVA on return trajectory, 75 hr on surface, found Genesis rock, reentered 19 Dec 1972, recovered in Pacific Ocean. Returned 110.5 kg samples. ALSEP17 science station returned data until 01 Oct 1977

Luna 21 - USSR 08 January 1973
Lunokhod-2 rover set down on 15 Jan 1973 @ approx 25.85 N × 30.45 E in Mare Serenitatis near Le Monnier crater-ring, traversed 37 km for five months, returned 80,000+ pix.

Explorer 49 - USA 10 June 1973
Radioastronomy Explorer B in lunar orbit. (probably a deep space mission so located for radio silence)

Mariner 10 - USA 03 November 1973
Flyby of the Moon, returned pix, on way to flyby of Venus in 1974 and three flybys of Mercury in 1974, in solar orbit

Luna 22 - USSR 29 May 1974
Lunar probe, in orbit

Luna 23 - USSR 28 October 1974
Impacted in Mare Crisium on 06Nov1974

ASR Luna 24A - USSR 16 October 1975
4th stage failure (SL-12 Proton)

Luna 24B - USSR 09 August 1976
Last Soviet/Russian lunar mission. Lander & automated sample return set down @ 12.75 N × 62.20 E in Mare Crisium. Returned 170 grams & recovered 18 Aug 1976

Galileo - USA 18 October 1989
Robotic interplanetary probe on circuitous six-year trajectory with multiple gravity assists, launch delayed by Challenger disaster, launched from Shuttle Atlantis in LEO (STS-34) on IUS, high gain antenna failed, data tx on low gain
Flew by Venus once on 09 Feb 1990
Flew by Earth/Moon system twice during gravity assists in 08 Dec 1990 and 08 Dec 1992 on trajectory to Jupiter, discovered Aitken Basin on South Pole (largest impact basin in solar system)
Flew thru asteroid belt twice in 1991 and 1993
Active in circumjovian orbit

Muses A (Hiten) - Japan 24 January 1990
Probe flew by Moon 15 Mar 1990, reentered (Earth) 11 Apr 1993

Hagoromo - Japan 19 March 1994
Deployed from Muses A, contact lost after separation, in lunar orbit

Clementine 1 - USA 25 January 1994
Lunar mapper entered orbit 19 Feb 1994; detected possible signs of water at poles, spun out of control during burn to intercept near Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos on 07 May 1994, died, in solar orbit

Wind - USA 01 November 1994
Solar wind monitor. In 0.567 x 1.62 million km x 21.8 ° "distant prograde earth orbit". 32nd lunar flyby @ 7600 km on 19 Aug 2000. Science return from Moon

HGS-1 (was AsiaSat 3S) - USA 24 December 1997
Comsat stranded in useless transfer orbit by 4th stage malfunction (SL-12 Proton). Repurchased by builder, successfully rescued via double lunar flyby using new resonant orbital hopping theory. In GEO. Data returned from lunar flyby

Lunar Prospector - USA 07 January 1998
Mapped gravity & elemental distribution inc. hydrogen (water) with magnetometer, and alpha, gamma, & neutron spectrometers from low polar orbit; impacted on 31 Jul 1999 near the south pole. First human burial (sample of Gene Shoemaker's ashes) on another celestial body

Nozomi (Planet B) - Japan 03 July 1998
Orbiter will arrive 4 years late in Sep 2003 due to wrong burn during second slingshot by Moon. Data returned from lunar flyby

Space1 Rocket Season Prep

Rocket launch for illustrative purposes only. The actual launch will take place in the Pacific
Ocean located thousands of miles from the USA.

Massive Rocket Prep
SPACE1 is preparing multiple massive rockets for upcoming space launches as the weather is coming out of the Monsoon period and skies are beginning to clear.

SPACE1 is ramping up programs for rocket space launches regarding the Moon and Mars. The exact details of the programs depend on the weather and the orbital conditions. Schedules will be revealed as they are determined.

Space1 Industries Nano Space Program

Nano Space Program is part of Space1 Industries, operating as Nano Space Industries, at an infinitesimal fraction of the cost of conventional deep space programs

Everything is smaller, cheaper, and employs new “Wizard Nano Technology” to operate. Safety rockets use free recycled materials and the propellant rocket fuel is derived and mixed from natural chemicals that occur free in nature. 

Rocket fuel containments can be recycled up to ten times and overall rockets refurbished an infinite number of times. Some rocket parts and components are manufactured in China at minimal cost and are vetted for space operations at sub costs. Nano Safety rockets are autonomous and/or have humanized avatar-augment residents using extremely advanced technology from ongoing developments by Humanoido since 2002.

Space1 New Space Programs

SPACE1 becomes three dimensional with new space programs

SPACE1 Forms Three New Space Programs

In an unprecedented move, SPACE1 has expanded and become multi dimensional by branching its single space program into three.

SPACE1 now includes simultaneously running three new space programs defined by the type of space vehicles and methods of space exploration utilized.

The purpose is to more rapidly develop space missions and pass each space mission to their most suitable space program.

Space Program 1 - Rocket X
Under program one, space missions will pass to the powerful Safety Rocket X with the Herculean engine and potonic fuel. This program continues to develop representative space denizens, rocket planes, and its own share of technology.

Space Program 2 - Electro
Under program two, space missions will pass to the powerful Electrodymanic Rockets with the Electromag drives. This space program will enable more distant missions to the Moon and Mars, and beyond, using our most powerful technology.

Space Program 3 - Super Tech
Under program three, space missions will pass to super technology to include the merging of reality and augments. This will bring space travel down to affordable levels popularizing space tourism and potentially open up DIY space travel packages.

Space1 Moon Program

Six Moon Missions Outlined - It's Final! We're Going to the Moon!
SPACE1's Moon Program
Over the weekend, Space1 outlined its aggressive Moon Program, in a series of six step by step lunar missions, each technologically more challenging than the previous, until ultimately leading to a manned landing on the Moon.

Pack your bags - a lot of things must happen in a short period of time and if everything goes according to plan and scheduling, the landing could take place sometime in 2019. If not, if there is some delay, or the alignments are missed due to in-climate weather, the landing could be pushed outwards to 2020, but we don't want that to happen as it might interfere with the 2020 Oppositional Mars landing. We will hope for the best.

The first Moon mission, Across the Moon Face, is a simple fly by in front of the Moon, capture images and/or video, then return to the Earth. The lunar data captured on this flight could be used for a future lunar atlas, or not.

The second mission is a Lunar Mapper Mission to capture images of selected regions, possibly making an atlas that could show selected sites suitable for colonization and the location of potential Moon bases.

The third Moon mission, is the March 24th Commemorating Impactor Mission, that targets lunar craters Alphonsus and/or Ptolemaeus, with increasingly closer and closer stills and/or video until termination. These images as well could contribute to a lunar atlas.

The fourth lunar mission is a Polar Orbiter venture, to the South Pole of the Moon, capturing imagery and studying the region. Again, images of the South Pole could potentially contribute to the Lunar Atlas.

The fifth Moon mission is one of the most fantastic - a Trip to the Far Side. Less is known about the enigmatic Far Side which looks very different. When flyby conditions are best to approach a small plot of the far side, the mission will take enough images to create a map and contribute it to the Moon Atlas. Will any of the Soviet or Chinese probe sites become visible?

The sixth ultimately breathtaking and super exciting mission is a fabulous adventure, a Manned Moon Landing, and technically by far the most challenging. It would be easier to send down a robot to the surface, but this is a manned mission for a human. The human could carry some very high technology assist in terms of Augmentation to facilitate working and walking on the Moon's surface and to make the mission ultimately safe.

Space1 Breeding New Space Species

Space Guppy species female with blazing color

Spacefaring Aquatic Species
New Aquatic Species
Humanoido at SPACE1 is now breeding the second generation of new Aquatics species for space flight.

The species is a new kind of space Guppy, half way in between the very hardy orange breed that has no patience, and the very large fancy Veil Tail Guppy, which is less hardy.

The midway breed has the best features of both breeds. Usually the female has little or no color, however these are spectacular, rivaling the males. Approximately twenty-plus young fish are being raised at this time. These will be trained in the Astronaut Training Program at the SPACE1 Aquatics Center for Space Species, and culled when they reach maturity.

Space1 Mars Weather Prediction Program

Mars Weather Prediction
Humanoido, Founder and Director of SPACE1, has invented the Mars Global Weather Program, a weather prediction system that predicts weather on Mars for future colonists and for space industry sending spacecraft and probes to Mars.

Mars routinely goes through seasons which create violent weather fronts, dust storms and massive global weather changes that can cause total white-out of all planetary features.

To a Martian colonist, or private space industry sending probes and spacecraft to Mars, knowing the weather is paramount.

Humanoido's software program, years in the making, calculates and predicts weather based on the Martian atmosphere which goes through a cyclic variation of sublimated co2 and annual seasonal variation of water in the polar caps.

The energy of this system causes huge storms to follow, often enveloping the entire planet.

Space1 Mars in 2020

Landing on Mars in 2020
SPACE1 has its sights on Mars in 2020 when it makes its second closest approach to the Earth on October 6th. Will the Martian planetary globe be a big dud and fizzle out with another great global dust storm to block out all main features? Or will it have a spectacular clearing where humanity can study and visit the planet?

Mars was 35.8 million miles from the Earth on July 31st, 2018. On October 6th, 2020, Mars will be 38.6 million miles away, perfect for a space launch to the planet using the more rapid traveling EM Safety Rocket.

One big unknown is the huge blanket dust storm that may occur, the same as it did in 2018. It was the effects of this massive storm obliterating sunlight for months that shut down the Mars rover permanently. Such a storm in 2020 would put a stopper on all Mars missions, studies and a Mars landing.

SPACE1 is looking at supporting manned missions to Mars, the exodus of the human race to Mars, Mars colonists and Mars colonial architecture, helping to create a multi-planetary species, and assisting SpaceX and other private space industry.

Space1 2019 Year of Manned Space Launches

2019 Year of Manned Space Launches
After SPACE1 Industries was founded in 2014, a stretch of intensive rocket and space program development took place over a five year time span.

Suddenly in 2019, the EM Safety Rocket was born and space flight took root, becoming a safe, popular and a routine path into space.

The private space industries goal was safe manned space flight by 2020, for a perfect vision to the future. However, SPACE1 made its goal a full year sooner in 2019 with a precursor schedule leading to dozens and dozens of space rocket launches. Astronaut Humanoido was trained and ready, having honed his astronaut space skills in China with 24 space launches on leased Chinese spacecraft. While rocket development on Rocket X continued, Humanoido invented the EM Safety Rocket which took over the accelerated the path into space by a hundred fold. Celebrating lofty goals achieved only a half decade later paves the path towards greater goals by 2020. Space1 has put its aggressive and ambitious goal schedule and initial sights on the Moon with the following guidelines and a 2020 vision:

SPACE1 2020 Vision High Technology Lunar Rocket Program
* Commemorating March 24th Moon Impact Mission
* Lunar Polar Orbital Mission
* Mission to the Moon's Far Side
* Moon Landing

According to Humanoido, SPACE1 Founder and Director, if all goes according to schedule, SPACE1 could begin rocket launches towards the Moon in mid 2019 and present a high technology landing in 2020.

Space1 New Space Aquatic Species

In the larger tank, three selected Guppies are enrolled in Space1's Astronaut Training Program.
As hopefuls, these trained fish may partake in rocket rides into space and become rocket crew
members. Since the advent of talking inventions by Humanoido that allow the aquatics to speak
limited English, the viability of such space flights are very plausible. This aquarium, lit with nine
white LEDs, holds three plant varieties and a larger version of the Easter Island faces statue.
Photo by Humanoido at SPACE1 International Headquarters.

Aquatic Space Program
New Space Aquatic Species
Space1 welcomes new aquatic species into its private industry space program destined for trips into space.

These species are destined for rides on rockets as tourists and as members of SPACE1's space program.

New species include two snail varieties, black Ramshorn, Red Ramshorn, and fish - yellow black fancy Veil Tail Guppies, standard variety Chinese Algae Eater, and Indonesian Dwarf Puffer. The Puffer fish completed the astronaut training program with high marks over the Winter. Over 20 guppies are now enrolled in the program with water-space simulations training going exceptionally well.

Snails undertaking the space school classes number around 50. Species are periodically rotated between development aquatic tanks along with five varieties of aquatic plants. The species are raised on diets of frozen blood worms for the flesh eating Dwarf Puffers and adult snails, standard size flash frozen shrimp for the adult Guppies, brine for the baby Guppies, and special treats of leafy vegetables for all snails.

Space1 Aquatic Space Program Updates

Aquatic Space Program
SPACE1 updates 
On Wednesday and Thursday, two pregnant female guppies gave birth and twenty babies were transferred to the small holding tank. On a diet of greens and brine, the babies are already growing significantly. These are prized award winning species of the yellow with black spots King Cobra rare Guppy species that go for $125 to $500 apiece. This will bring in up to ten thousand dollars for the Aquatic Space Program. At the same time, Red Ramshorn snails began to hatch a hundred babies, who will soon enter the Astronaut Training Program.

The Chinese Algae Eater has put on weight and made an amazing recovery since being transferred to the larger tank with more algae. Adult Guppies are ideally matched with one male per every two females. Four species of plants have multiplied, sprouted roots, and provide filtering and beads of O2 during daylight hours. The red snails are very active and being tested and observed for space travel. It was noted they clean the glass walls, ground, and hang upside down skimming the surface of the top of the water for cleaning. Thus far, with electronic inventions by Humanoido, plants, fish and snails can talk.

Dwarf Puffer fish are doing exceptionally well. They were given their own medium size tank and to squelch squabbles over territory, a great number of plant species were added. Food servings are selected to keep everyone happy - frozen shrimp for Guppies, frozen brine for infants, frozen blood worms for Puffers and large snails, and select garden greens and fruit to supplement diets.

Space1 Aquatics Space Program New Species

Snail Incubator: five adult snails (circled), two clutches of 25 babies (arrowed)

Aquatics Space Program
The Aquatics Space Program ASP has taken on a new species for space flight. The Red Ramshorn Snails are now part of the program.

Since Humanoido has developed inventions to allow English speech from snails, they can potentially work with mission control, engage rocket controls, report flight dynamics, converse in space jargon, and make decisions during space flight.

Currently the ASP has Dwarf Puffer Fish in its program and is planning to add two more aquatic species by the end of the month. Stay tuned for the exciting updates. All species are required to undergo the Astronaut Training Program. The snails are currently in training.

Space1 Aquatics Space Program Update

Cultured by Humanoido for the Aquatic Space Program, Fish Tank 2 contains Dwarf Puffers

Aquatics Space Program Update
Space1 has expanded the Aquatics Space Program to three tanks with five species being studied for potential space flight. This includes Dwarf Puffer fish, Chinese Algae Eater, Fancy Veil Tailed Guppies, and two varieties of snails. In particular, Orange Ramshorn will continue and other varieties will be discontinued.

As of February 18th, the snails have at least six clutches of eggs with an average of twelve per clutch. If all baby snails hatch and survive, a total of 72 will result. One clutch of twelve has already hatched. The orange Ramshorn snails appear ideal for space travel, are hardy, the fastest moving of all the snail varieties studied, and are not picky about food or environment.

A study is initiated regarding how to create an invention to communicate with snails during space travel. The Fish Talk invention is species dependent, working with optoelectronics and a built-in Fish to English translator, and will not work with snails. A new method and invention is being considered for snails.

Four species of plants are doing exceptionally well in all three tanks and have expanded to three additional containers. These are great oxygenator varieties and absorb co2 from the fish and snails. They are also good food for the snails, Chinese Algae Eater, and create habitats of privacy for the aquatics.

Adult populations are highly selective for space travel potentials, and with qualifications for the Astronaut Training Program, with ten candidate fish and five candidate snails.

Food includes Blood Worms, large and small shrimp, and apple. Two Guppy females are pregnant with an estimated 12 to 25 potential babies to each mother. If caught in time after birth, the yield could be up to 50 prized cultured fancy King Cobra Veil Tail Guppies. The yellow black spotted variety is highly rare and Humanoido repeatedly scoured prized aquatic stores to find this baseline treasure. This variety of species is currently being cultured into new strains.

Space1 Aquatics Space Program

Aquatics in Space
Humanoido at SPACE1 has developed an Aquatics Space Program (ASP), designed to introduce aquatic species to space travel.

ASP began with astronaut training of Dwarf Puffer fish and one astro tank. The program now extends to hybrid guppies and Orange Ramshorn snails with two additional larger astro tanks.

Last year (2018) Humanoido invented a voice interface for fish and tested it with Dwarf Puffer fish. The electronic opto-interface is non-invasive and species dependent. Thought now has a focus on a potential way to communicate with Ramshorn snails.

Snails are a different kind of species. They move faster than plants and slower than fish. "Snails can see, smell, taste, and touch. They see through eyes that are on their top tentacles, they smell and taste through receptors on their lower tentacles. They don't actually have ears, so they can't really hear, but they can feel vibrations with their sense of touch. Their sense of touch also includes pain and things like sensitivity to temperature. This sense of touch enables them to flee from situations that are hurting them and endangering their lives or health."

Space1 RocketX Spectacular Advancements

RocketX Spectacular Advancements

SPACE1 has taken its Safety RocketX to spectacular advancements in 2019.

There are often clarity defining moments throughout time. The recent launched trip to the mountain was one of those times.

Rocket Durability
Blazing down from the mountain at electromagnetic speed via the EM Machine, it was realized that doubling the durability of RocketX to that of Durellium B would make wide sweeping improvements to not only an increase to fuel pressurization containment resulting in more fuel on board and the ability to travel farther in space, but increased wall thickness of the crew quarters as well thus eliminating the need for extra structure beams which will bring down rocket construction cost. This will space harden the rocket and increase the safety of an already safe safety rocket.

EM to Supplement Orbital Rocket Missions

Additional inventions by Humanoido introduce the EM Machine, an elevation space travel vessel machine that can supplement the orbital RocketX program. This has remained the stimulus for new RocketX innovations since its intro.

RocketX New Shape

A new change to RocketX for 2019 is the new built in shape that homogenizes the entire rocket: including crew quarters with the recovery dwelling. The new shape melds one section with the other, which improves aerodynamics during the Tropospheric section of the flight mission.

Rocket Chamber Lab

Revamping of the Rocket Chamber lab is underway which will provide larger spaces for developing contractual machinery and rocket designs.

For more information about SPACE1 in 2019
https://space1usa.blogspot.com/2018/12/space1-profile-2019.html

Space1 Fish Astronaut Training Program Expands

Space Astronaut Training program just became bigger

The Fish Division, has expanded to include three school environments. The program now includes a water world of nine gallons, of prepped and conditioned containment. Several brainy exploration Dwarf Puffer fish, graduates of the 1st Astronaut Training Program, dominate the scene. New configured fish tanks are awaiting the arrival of a new school of Guppies and snails about a week to a month away.

— SPACE1, an equal opportunity employer of a variety of intelligent species, is training special breed of fish to become potential graduate astronauts in the rocket program —

SPACE1 includes various species for space expiration and has now included fish which are noted for specific elements conducive to space travel, such as exploration, talking through specialized interfacing, intellectual capacity, and hardiness. The Astronaut Training Program identifies and hones the skill useful for rocket launches and space travel.

The lavish environment contains a variety of spectral illuminance lighting, electric heating, thermometric monitoring, filtering and aeration, a variety of plants for establishing fish territorial domains, and gravel for rooting plants and maintaining a balanced eco-system.

Space1 Fish Astronaut Training Program Results

Fish Astronauts
The candidate test results are in from the Fish Astronaut Training Program, Dwarf Puffer fish test experiments 1 through 15. The rating scale on 15 topics is from 0 through 10 with 0 useless and ten best.

Out of eleven fish tested, four test subjects could not handle the regimen and dropped out of the training program. 

The remaining 7 candidates had the best highest possible ratings for the ability to hibernate and recover quickly, maintain a physical diminutive rocket size, and an extreme level of high intelligence. They seemingly have infinite curiosity and a great ability to learn and explore, with an excellent appetite for meat. Their ability to pick up English speech and complete learning programs was amazing, probably due to their ultimate ability to focus. They maintain an excellent sleeping schedule. However, test subjects could not handle confinement in small spaces, had bad personalities and fought, failed to get along by nipping and biting each other, were highly sensitive to any and all conditions, and were not hardy. These subjects are doubtful candidates for some rocket travel conditions, though may best fit into other parts of the isolation Fish Space Program. The fish passed ten tests with the highest possible ratings and completely failed five.

1. Intelligence - 10
2. Learning - 10
3. Focus & Attention - 10
4. English Speech - 10
5. Curiosity - 10
6. Ability to Explore - 10
7. Appetite - 10
8. Hibernation & Recover - 10
9. Sleep & Schedule - 10
10. Size -10
11. Territorial - 0
12. Personality - 0
13. Hardy - 0
14. Sensitivity - 0
15. Space Confinement - 0

Fish subjects with mean personalities, who fight, cause trouble for other fish, steal food, make territorial trouble, who are greedy and selfish with no regard to others, are an unnecessary burden on fish society, will be placed in the solitary confinement tank, restricted from any DNA breeding program and all other programs, and will be therefore terminated by the rules and regulations set forth in Par 15 sec 9. Old mean fish, with problematic mental disabilities will be removed from fish society and are also subject to the termination rules of Par 15 Sec 9.

Space1 CyberSpace Program

CyberSpace Program
Years ago, in the 80s and 90s, a streamlined Remote Robotic Cyberspace Telescope was developed that gave people across the world an opportunity to log on, select a deep sky object from a Messier and selected objects list, select a CCD camera, automatically move the telescope to the object, and take a picture.

Humanoido's widely popular robotic telescope was used by professionals, schools and various universities, amateur astronomers and interested individuals to explore space. It also held a wealth of information, multiple databases, and color sky maps for all 101 Messier objects. It was ahead of its time, as it held a droid capable of helping you set up the telescope, change eyepieces, time exposures, and do other telescope keeping duties.

Fast forward 38 years into the future. Things have greatly changed in the world, and Humanoido is still ahead of time, now conducting SPACE1, a private industry space program for taking citizens into space for tourism. He is now pondering a CyberSpace Rocket Program, where potentially space enthusiasts could log on the cyber-birthed space program, select a rocket and mission, and prepare to go into space.

How far reaching the CyberSpace Program becomes is the billion dollar question. Will it catch on to include general space tourism, or open the door follow a path to the Earth's Moon? Will it take you to other planets like Mars and their moons for colonization or simply provide visiting and mining rights to comets and asteroids?

Could the new space program take space traveling Denizins to other star systems on the other side of the galaxy? Can the Cyber Space Program develop and explore new methods of stellar propulsion to the stars? Can other technology combine, such as the Elevation Machine?

What can Cyber Space do for Space1? Stay tuned as this new raw frontier unfolds new potential vistas heretofore unconsidered in the ever expanding realm of SPACE1.

Space1 Fish Space Plant Transformer

Fish Space Transformer Plant

To prevent Dwarf Puffer fish in the Astronaut Training Program from becoming bored in their environment after hours and stunting their intellectual potentials, Humanoido has invented the Transformer Plant. On Earth, the plant acts weightless with a balanced buoyancy that can float as if floating weightless in space.

The unique invention is a submerged plant variety that's judiciously pruned to alter its center of gravity, so that it constantly changes floats, changing its position while rotating in the tank. This is based on its changing balance of buoyancy due to water pressure variance caused by the opposing water pressure balance of two water filter aerators. 

This greatly amuses the fish, entertains for hours, and pleases the fish who get to explore the plant in motion from an infinite number of angles, views, locations, and positions.

It's also likely the fish enjoy playing with the changing water currents as the plant is transforming its position. As Dwarf Puffer fish are very curious fish and avid explorers, the Transformer Plant offers a great opportunity of excitement and challenge.

Photos, taken with the new Fish Side Cam, show the changing transforming position of the Transformer Plant over the course of a few minutes. Also seen are numerous fish exploring the interesting plant.

Space1 Dwarf Puffer Fish Update 1

1st photo from the new side Fish Cam

Brainy Dwarf Puffer Fish Updates
Space1 has taken charge of picky and brainy dwarf puffer fish which have applied for the Astronaut Training Program, and made changes thus creating their new environment. 

Their school is now doubled in size from one gallon to two gallons, along with two filters instead of one, a gravel floor instead of pellet soil, and with plants reconfigured to improve the environment and more readily amuse the fish.

The fish have grown in two weeks and are now accustomed to hand feeding of frozen blood worms. Their diet was recently supplemented with a mosquito that was eaten by the meat eating group faster than the eyes could see. Lighting from high intensity LEDs was turned off due to its creation of algae and are used only during feeding.

The worm in the small tank was identified as a harmless Rhabdocoela worm. These worms usually stay in the ground soil and only occasionally appear on the walls. If anything, they eat waste from the ground for recycling like tiny scavengers. The worm introduction to the new tank was carefully avoided as they compete with snails. The plan is to introduce common snails to the small tank for growing after the tank is reset. Then, snails will become another food staple for the fish who can grind their teeth on the shells.

Also modified is the Fish Cam, now relocated to the right side of the tank, and mounted on the small one gallon aquarium. On the order list is an aquarium twenty times the size of the original aquarium. A larger tank is much more stable and can hold more fish. The smallest fish tank may be repurposed as a terrarium to grow talking plants. The fish, always raised as a group, are not overly territorial and new plants will soon be introduced.

They often observe every leaf on the vegetation with much patience and curiosity but never pick at it for food remnants. They like to eat only fresh new introduced meat food and once it hits the ground, it will be ignored. For this reason, the instructor now holds the food at the water surface until the fish swarm and tear it from the hand. Keeping the tank clean requires a siphon pump and hose for cleaning the gravel every day.