Showing posts with label lens. Show all posts
Showing posts with label lens. Show all posts

Sunday, May 2, 2021

Exampling Cloaking Device

SPACE1 Tests Small Exampling Optical Cloaking Device

The original SPACE1 cloak is real and runs on optical lenses defined by the mathematics in the original post and is designed to make large spaceships appear or disappear, as shown in Star Trek. 

https://space1usa.blogspot.com/2020/11/space1-cloaking-technology.html
https://space1usa.blogspot.com/2021/04/space1-cloaking-device.html

However, there's a more simple way to create an exampling cloak without the number of glass optical lenses set to calibrated focal lengths. Using a single flat 2D-appearing sheet of lenticular resin the shape of a credit card and a pen to represent the spacecraft or rocket, a mechanical calibration either shows the object or puts it into full cloak.

This is a type of Fresnel lens that takes the light coming into it from the back at obtuse angles and projects it forward in the front of the lens. 

Simplifying Cloaking Technology
This re-directing of lightwaves causes what is on either side of the lens to appear as though it is directly behind the lens, effectively making what’s actually behind the lens to seemingly disappear. Larger sample cloaking devices can be made from sheets of 3D Lenticular resin lenses imported from China. A Lubor’s lens is more correctly called a lenticular lens which consists of an array of identical linear prisms usually molded into a sheet of clear plastic. A Fresnel lens consists of an array of circular prisms whose angles increase and widths narrow with distance from the center. A linear Fresnel lens would have the increasingly refractive prisms in a linear array to form a line focus. The original Fresnel lenses, named after the inventor—a famous French optics guy, were first used in lighthouses to collimate searchlight beams, while modern usage is often found using molded plastic sheets used in solar cookers and other applications where a flat lens is desirable. The Lubor’s lens is used in ‘invisibility cloak’ demonstrations, and is named after the magician who promoted the effect.

Lenticular Lens Design
A lenticular lens design allows very high powered convex or concave lenses to be used in situations when lens size, thickness, or weight, would otherwise be problematic. Lenticular lenses are often used for eyeglasses when the lens powers are >+/-15.00D. The optical portion of the lens is molded to a flat “carrier” lens that is usually close to plano, or zero, in power. Below is an example of a very high plus lens in lenticular design. You can see that the strong Rx is only in the circular area at the lens center.
Fresnel Design
Another way to put very high powered lenses into a thinner configuration is to use a “Fresnel” design. This involves using multiple small lenses placed over a flatter “carrier” lens. This is most commonly used for magnification (convex or plus powered lenses), or for prism lenses (wedge shaped lenses that move the location of an image rather than change its size). The cross-section image below illustrates a Fresnel lens that incorporates multiple small prisms instead of one very thick prism. While this design has many optical and industrial applications, it is only used for prism in ophthalmic lenses. The lines created by the prisms can interfere somewhat with lens clarity.

Lubor Lensing
A Lubor lens is a variation of a Fresnel prism lens design, and like any linear prism it will deviate the image in one direction, and along one axis only. If the lens is oriented so that the horizontal lines are parallel with the object being viewed, that image will be moved forward and be visible, but any objects in the meridian 90° away, will be blocked (and vice versa). Lubor lenses are used primarily by magicians! 

Buying Lenses
You don’t make a Fresnel lens, you buy them. They are mostly made of glass and clear plastic materials such as acrylic and polycarbonate. They work by stepping the surface of the lens to remove the mass that would make a normal lens very thick if the lens surface was continuous.

Monday, November 12, 2018

Space1 DIY Fish Cam

How to Build a DIY Fish Cam
Fish Cam with stock lens prefocused
Introduction
The fish cam is made from a discarded discontinued 8-bit 640x480 logitech computer cam with an adjustable lens. Good images of fish are obtained by turning the lens to the shortest possible focal length which is about 3 inches. This images fish swimming about 3-inches into the tank. However, the field of view is much too limited and one must wait some time for a fish to swim into focus.

The color USB web camera is made for Microsoft Windows on a PC computer. The third party Mac software shows 640x480 photos using a 1,300,000 pixel CCD. It has a 2.6-foot cord built in. Macam software can be downloaded for free and will include live views, adjustments and photo capture.

Original Logitech Cam
Modification
The cam has a plastic case with a swing down lid that gets in the way of mounting to aquarium. As the cam was old, it was easy to snap off the lid thus creating greater clearance between the cam and the face of the glass aquarium for easy mounting using 3M duct tape. Fig. 2

Making the Cam Mount
The Cam fits into a discarded 2.5-inch diameter plastic water bottle trimmed 4-inches from the bottom and with a semicircular cutout for the lens. Slide the mount back and forth in front of the tank and adjust the cam lens focus for each distance.

Pinhole increased depth but with vignetting
Improving the Depth of View
To improve the depth of view to capture sharper images of fish beyond the 3-inch range, an aperture pin hole stop was placed over the lens. The aperture stop successfully improved focus across a larger depth of view however it also caused significant vignetting, thus limiting the FOV field of view to a small circle in the center of the frame.

Added fish eye phone lens for a wide FOV
Larger Field of View
To improve the cam significantly, create a much larger FOV, and maintain a large field depth focus, an extra lens was added to the existing cam lens. At a cost under US$10, the  37mm 0.45x 49UV Super Wide Angle Phone Lens was configured and clipped onto the front of the cam over the lens center. Readjust the cam lens for focus each time the cam is moved. The result is a dramatic improvement, showing more fish throughout most of the aquarium in focus.

TV-like view of entire aquarium is amazing
Attaching the Modified Cam
There are two options. One, attach the modified cam with the extra lens direct to the glass front of the aquarium with duct tape. This will show the appearance of larger fish in the direction of where the cam is aimed. The second option is to mount the cam farther away from the front of the tank. This can give a TV-like view of the entire aquarium for watching all the fish at the same time. Again, the original cam lens will need to be refocused for the sharpest view.

Live window is spectacular to watch
Using the Fish Cam
While the Fish Cam can provide hours of entertainment and is loads of fun, it can also be psychological beneficial with its mood calming, and scientifically useful. The Fish Cam window can be placed anywhere on your work computer screen like a real time miniature aquarium. The cam can photo, video record and monitor a community of fish and analyze swarming patterns, behaviors, eating patterns, and identify fish by their analyzed markings. It can identify healthy or sick fish and study the condition of the plants and tank. It can be used to create a digital photo book and show growing fish and plants over time. Get to know your fish closeup. If the aquarium is a small nano tank, the Fish Cam electronic window lifts up the image of the tank and fish to a very convenient location. Watching the live window on a Mac with Macam is spectacular as the top half of the tank is a moving rippling reflection of the water and fish below.

Fish Cam with extra fish-eye lens attached
Going Further
Ironically the best views are with the fish-eye lens. However, the wide angle fish eye lens may be reconfigured as a macro lens to take microscope-like images. This can be useful for examining fish and plants close-up though it may require special mounting.

Links
Macam Download
The Fish Cam has a simple recycled bottle mount with clip on fish eye mobile lens
http://webcam-osx.sourceforge.net/
https://sourceforge.net/projects/webcam-osx/

Logitech Cam
http://www.novatechgadgets.com/loquwefornow.html
https://www.pocket-lint.com/laptops/reviews/logitech/67375-logitech-quickcam-notebooks-pro-webcam
http://www.zdtronic.com/WEBCAMS/LOGITECH-961240-0403-QUICKCAM-PRO-USB-WEBCAM-FOR-NOTEBOOKS.html
https://www.cnet.com/products/logitech-quickcam-for-notebooks-pro/specs/